Comparison of Waqf with iskān in Al- Jazariyyah poem

In chapter 3, the author addressed the places where waqf should be made. In this chapter, he judges how waqf should be considering the harakah on the last letter - either

a fathah, dammah, or kasrah.

Therefore, considering the Harakah of the last letter waqf is of 3 types:

1) Waqf with iskān

2) Waqf with roum

3) Waqf with ishmām

And beware of stopping with a whole harakah, except if you are making roum, then (read) part of the harakah in jazaria. Beware, take precautions, be cautious if you are going to make roum, i.e., waqf with rowm.

When the author says beware of stopping with a complete harakah, two things are known:

1) One may stop by reading the last letter a sukūn

2) One may end by reading the previous harakah partially Since it is not permitted to stop with a complete harakah.

3) The fathah, dammah, and kasrah of the latest letters are not read. Instead, they are given a sukūn in Quran poem.

This is called waqf with iskān 161. It may be done whether the latest letter has a fathah, dammah, or kasrah.

In the second half of the line, the author explains stopping while reading the last harakah partially. This is called roum, which means to request. Others have set roum as the lowering of the voice when reading the harakah, so much so that only those close to you are ready to hear it.

In the next line, jazariyah the author describes those harakāt upon which roum is not admitted. Except on a fathah or nasb apply ishmām by showing to a dammah upon a (word which has a) raf˘ or dammah.

Roum is not permitted on a word that has a fathah or nasb. The difference between fathah and nasb is that the above indicates a word that is undeclinable (mabnī), while the latter suggests that which is declinable (mu˘rab).

Ishmām may also be made through waqf, but only on a dammah or raf˘. The contrast between the two is that the former indicates that which is undeclinable and the end to that which is declinable.

Ishmām means to give off a smell or trace. Technically it is the rounding of the lips, like when holding a dammah, soon after the sukūn of the latest letter has been read. No harakah is read when making ishmām.